The October Manifesto
the October manifesto of 1905 was widespread industrial action that was taken up by Octobrists who were drawn from larger commercial and industrial backgrounds. The Octobrists voiced serious criticisms of the incompetence of the Tsar government. Tsar Nicholas II was forced to act swiftly as he faced the potential collapse of his regime and so he looked for ways and answers to prevent this from happening. Witte had suggested that the Tsar adopt a policy of sincerity and ‘freedom’ and tried to persuade him to accept key reforms and terms; that were issued in a document on October 17, 1905. The response of the manifesto was that it paved a way for a future where power lay with a working relationship between a legislation duma and the Tsar, rather than an autocratic ruler. Although other groups had doubted it would ever come into practice.
SONYA
SONYA
As a result of the significant strikes in 1905 forced a reluctant Tsar Nicholas to submit to political reform. His manifesto, published on October 17 1905, granted the establishment of a Duma, which was motivated by the urgent need to save his regime from collapse rather than by a sincere desire to improve the nation. The manifesto also aimed to grant the inviolable right to civic freedom based on the principles of personal inviolability. The Tsar was reluctant about his own manifesto, as Witte and Obolensksy has actually drafted the manifesto. He faced criticism from both left and right party who believed the manifest would not come to fruition.
JACK
JACK
The October Manifesto of 1905 was a document promising political reforms, issued Tsar Nicholas II at the height of the 1905 revolution. It came after ten months of popular unrest strikes, violence and political dispute about the future of Russia. The manifesto promised the formation of a state duma (A national parliament elected by the people of Russia) that participated in the formulation and passing of laws, it also outlined improvements to individual right and freedoms. The October manifest was met with approval by most reformist, particulary liberal and moderate socialist. It paved the way for a future were power was shared between a legislative duma and the tsar
PO
PO
The October Manifesto of 1905 gave the Russian population ‘the inviolable right to civic freedom’, as well as the ‘freedom of conscience, speech, assemblies and associations’ and that the elected State Duma must approve all law before it becomes effective. The Tsar himself was reluctant to implement his own Manifesto as it took away from his own sole power. The Ministers of Finance and Education, Sergei Witte and Alexi Obolensky drafted the document and the Tsar had limited contribution. The Tsar claimed the Manifesto was created in an attempt to appease the workers and those who were striking or apart of the ‘rebellion’. Trotsky was a critic of the Manifesto, he stated that although freedom of assemblies is granted, the assemblies are surrounded by military. Although freedom of speech is granted, there is still the heavy censorship. And although freedom of knowledge is granted, universities are occupied by troops. He stated “A constitution is given, but the autocracy remains. Everything is given and nothing is given.” This shows his scepticism with the ability of the Tsarism regime to give up its control over the entire nation.
SIMONE
SIMONE